Efficiency of Pressurized Rock Traps for Unlined Hydropower Tunnels

Pressurized rock traps are constructed in many hydropower plants to stop sand and gravel from being transported through the turbines. typically located downstream end of unlined headrace tunnels, where tunnel itself may be one sediment sources. This state-of-the-art review presents an overview research on pressurized both publicly available sources unpublished Limited scientific literature exists traps, most existing has previously been unavailable for international audience. Based this review, it is concluded that should built with flow area deposition volume separated by plates or ribs. Without any separation measures, sediments risk re-entrained due turbulence. into three sections: (1) problems sediments, (2) theory (3) design traps. The recommended new including a chart, provided. Finally, solution rebuilding open closed also presented.